Silver Foils are not Vegetarian
The silver foils are not very expensive. They are sold by weight.
Ordinarily, you can buy a packet of 160 foils for a price between Rs.100 to
200. That is, approximately one rupee per foil. Not only the sweets, now a
days it is also applied on fruits. Some Ayurvedic medicines also are wrapped
in silver foils.
They are made by hammering thin sheets of silver in middle of booklets made
of a bull’s intestines. In other words, after slaughtering a bull, quickly
his intestines are removed, and sold to the manufacturers of foils. The
skins made of old intestines are of no use. Even one-day-old intestines can
not be used, because within a few hours they stiffen.
The foil manufacturer removes blood and stools from the intestines, and cuts
them into pieces. Then he puts one piece over another, making a booklet out
of it. At his home, or in the factory, he puts one silver (or gold) sheet
in-between each page. Then he hammers it hard until those metal sheets turn
into thin wafers.
The intestines of bulls are so strong, that even repeated hammering do not
destroy them, or they do not let the foils move around inside. Because of
the hammering, some tissues of the intestine mix with the foils. After that
the foil manufacturer sells the bundle of foils to the sweets manufacturers.
Some small foil manufacturers sell the foils to the temples.
This foil is not only dirty, it also is non-vegetarian. Even the meat-eaters
do not eat intestines. Use of these foils turn even sweets into
non-vegetarian food. A few years ago the Indian Airlines learned about this,
and since then stopped using them on the sweets served in their planes.
Source of Silver Foil in Sweets
Indian Airlines, the domestic air-carrier of India had issued instructions
to its suppliers to supply sweet without silver foil called VARAKH. Do you
know why? Silver is widely used for various purposes in the market today.
Silver is considered precious and its utility is enormous. The reason behind
this is that silver reflects back 95% of the light energy that falls on it.
The silver foils used for edible purposes is called VARAKH So what’s so
special about VARAKH? If you keenly observe this VARAKH under a microscope
don be perturbed if you happen to see traces of blood, stools and saliva of
a cattle or ox.
VARAKH is a silver foil and we have no second questions on this, but to
prepare this VARAKH important parts of the CATTLE/OX is made use of.
Intestines of Cattle/OX are obtained from the slaughterhouse. This is
obtained after butchering to death the cattle/ox for beef and the part,
which cannot be consumed: the intestines are pulled out of the animal and
handed over to the manufacturers of VARAKH. Before handing over the
intestines, they are washed in the slaughterhouse to get rid of the blood
and other remains on these intestines in the limited facility that is
present in the slaughterhouse. We are not sure how neatly this job is
carried out. Intestines are cut into small pieces and then are bound
together as pages in a notebook.
A silver block is placed in the middle of these bound intestines, and the
whole thing is placed in a leather bag and sealed. Experts, who know how to
make VARAKH, pound the bag with wooden sticks, till the entire bag flattens
out. The silver block would by this time be turned into silver foil. This
Silver foil would now be separated from the intestine pack and will be
placed on paper.
This is VARAKH, which reaches the market ready for use. Even staunch
vegetarians, who shy away from egg, unknowingly consume this as a part of
sweet, pan and arecanut. Some unknowingly consume this because of the
additional taste that VARAKH provides.
Now the question is “Why the intestines of the cattle/ox? Why not something
else?” The reason behind using the intestines of the cattle/ox for preparing
the VARAKH is because of the elasticity of the intestines.
They do not get cut even after a severe pounding.
This aspect is brought out in the magazine “Beauty without cruelty” and the
Television show of Maneka Gandhi, “Heads and Tails”. In India, on an average
an estimate indicates that 2,75,000 kilos of “VARAKH” is consumed. Can you
estimate how many cattle/ox are sacrificed for just a bit of taste? If you
are surprised as I am, after reading this article please inform as many as
possible so as to ensure that we unknowingly don’t consume beef.
Pan
By now, a pan-lover vegetarian person may have eaten equivalent of many
miles of oxen intestines! For them, here is an another bad news – the Chuna
that they apply on pan, also is not vegetarian! That is made from the shells
of living insects. These insects are taken from the ocean, killed, and
removed from the shell. Then the shells are softened in water, dried, and
ground into white powder. When you put this Chuna in your mouth, you are
participating in killing of many insects. This is no different from taking
life of a goat or a pig. Everyone wants to live, no one likes the pain of
death.
Indian Sweets and Varakh
Silver foil, or varakh, as it is generally known in India, adds glitter to
Indian sweets, betel nut (Supari), Paan (betel-leaf), and fruits. It is also
used in Ayurvedic medicines. The silver-topped sweet is even served as
prashad in many temples and on auspicious and religious occasions. Varakh is
also used in flavoured syrups as in Kesar (saffron) syrup.
If one observes Varakh under a microscope one will find traces of blood,
stools and saliva of a cattle or an ox. Varakh is not derived from an animal
source. However, a crucial material of animal origin, ox-gut, is used in its
manufacture. This ox-gut is obtained from the slaughterhouse.
The intestine (ox-gut), smeared with blood and mucus, is pulled out from the
slaughtered animal by the butcher at the slaughterhouse, and sold for the
specific purpose. This is then taken away to be cleaned and used in the
manufacture of Varakh.
The gut of an average cow, measuring 540 inches in length and 3 inches in
diameter, is cut open into a piece measuring 540″ x 10″. From this, strips
of 9″ x 10″ are cut to give approximately 60 pieces of ox-gut, which are
then piled on top of each other and bound to form a book of 171 leaves.
Next, small thin strips of silver are placed between the sheets and the book
slipped into a leather pouch. These bundles are hammered continuously for a
day to produce extremely thin foils of silver of 3″ x 5″.
The leather and ox-gut, being supple, can withstand the intense manual
hammering for up to 8 hours a day till such time as the silver is beaten to
the desired thickness. When ready, the foil is carefully lifted from between
the leaves of ox-gut and placed between sheets of paper to be sold to the
sweet shops. A booklet of 160 foils weighs approximately 10 grams and costs
few hundred rupees.
To make a single booklet of 171 sheets, the guts of 3 cows are used. And the
yield per book is generally 160 foils of silver, the rest of which may be
damaged or unfit for use. Thus one book, used on an average of 300 days of
the year yields approximately 48,000 foils of silver which means that each
ox-gut yields an estimated 16,000 foils.
The leather used for the pouch to hold the book (made from ox-gut), is
cowhide or calf leather, and uses about 232 sq. inches of material. Assuming
the size of an average cowhide to be 18 sq. ft or 2,600 sq. Inches, the
yield per hide will be approximately 10 leather pouches.
Usually 4 foils are used per kilograms of sweets and the ox-gut of one cow
is used to produce foil for approximately 4,000 kilograms of sweets. It is
estimated that the average consumption of sweets by a middle class family of
four in India is about 100 kilograms per year.
Thus, an average middle class Indian family of four consuming approximately
100 kg of sweets per year for forty years consumes silver foil produced with
the gut of 3 cows and one-tenth of a cowhide!
In India 275 tons of silver is transformed into Varakh that utilises the
intestines of 516,000 cows and calf leather of 17,200 animals each year.
# – Prahladananda Swami – 27/7/09; 8:03:13 PM